1/- What is linux ?
is a os aplication
- linux is kernel for open soft. have kernel + Shell
shell is user interface have too : CLI (comment line interface=Bash)+ GUI ( grapfic user interface= KDE)
- redhet and centos
Application have:
- System utility : /bin( Store user command ) & sbin ( System command )
- service : Email , Website ..
Kernel : Core OS : control hardware and support driver and manage all hardware operation.
kernel + shell + application = complete OS
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- in 1984 = build Unix
- 1991 = build Linux is a kernel unix
under kernel Unix have : linux, MAC, Solaris
2/ Linux Distribution : ( version of Linux = OS + collection of software )
Asterisk@home : use for do VOIP
have :
1. Redhat : CentOS (use for server), Fedora...
2. Debian : Ubuntus( for desktop and server )
3. OpenSUSE : SUSUE ENterprise
=> GUL = Free Listence => GNU
now 80% use Centos because :
- Free software
- Free Support
- Stable
3/. Linux Features:
- Support all hardware
- Security
- Muti user
- Shell ( input user ) have command line and desktop
- Open source ( can edit OS build new OS and free listence )
- Muti programing ( can open alot program )
4/. Linux Boot Process :
when power on / restart hardware is :
- System stratup /hardware installation : BIOS /System start :
- Boot loader stage 1 : MBR loading ( in window c: file bootmgr is boot manager )
have 2:
- MBR : Master boot record : 1st Sector : 0 of HDD( when format HDD partition is build MBR in drive )
- VBR : Volume boot loader : patition boot loader
=> Sector : 1 ( sector is blog in HDD) sector 0 store boot loader OS.
- window boot namager : load/boot OS in memery
- linux : GRUB use for boot linux
=> Sector : 2 ( store DATA window OS )
- Boot loader stage 2 : GRUB Boot loader
- Kernel : Linux OS
OS mode :
- Safe mode : troubleshoot & fix error windows
- Normal mode : destop : full function : user
OS mode : linux : Run Level mode
- 0 = shudown mode => #init 0
- 1,2 = Safe mode => #init 1,2
- 3 = CLI mode => #init 3
- 5 = GUI mode => #init 5
- 6 = Reboot => #init 6
- INIT process : Run levels
- User prompt : User commands
5./ Prepare Dell Server for Linux Installtion
1. check system requirement for Centos 7
2. Download Centos 7 ISO file
3. Burn it with Flash or DVD (can use software : rufus 2.5.exe)
4. Start booting to Flash or DVD for installation begin
OS version : 6,7
Processor CPU : 226Hz for version 6
RAM : minimum ( V6: 768 MB V7: 1GB ) recommended V6: 1GB, V7 :2 GB )
Disk space : minimum V6: 20GB, recommended V6 : 40GB)
configure RAID :
- RAID 1 = OS (/, /boot, swap) ( HDD 2 up )
/ is root : all sub directories ( for window /=c: )
/ boot : GRUB ( boot OS )
/ Swap : page file = virtual memory for build virual RAM
- RAID 5,6,10 = Data (/home, .data) (3,4,4 HDD)
/ home : store user data
/ data : backup document
7/. Linux Directory Structure
/ :is root directory for the entire file system ( for window = drive C: is a main deratories)
bin/ :Essentail user command : is a user command( system linux) ( sub deratories )
boot/ : boot loader's files : is boot loader ( system linux ) ( sub deratories )
dev/ : device files : is hardware devices all ( sub deratories )
etc/ : System configuration files : is store comfiguration have mail, web... (conmand cd /etc) (sub deratories)
home/ : User home directories : is store user directories ( sub deratories )
lib/ : Essential shared libraries and kernel module : is library store kernel module and essential ( sub deratories )
root/ : Super user's home directory : is a home deratories user root( sub deratories )
proc/ : virtual files/process status text files : is a process virtual files and status text file ( sub deratories )
media/ : mount point for removable media : is use for munt removable flsh or DVD (sub deratories)
mnt/ : Mount point for the temoirary file systems is a mount point folder ( sub deratories )
opt/ : other application : is objuct ( sub deratories )
sbin/ : system binaries : is a system command EX: shutdown or reboot ,( sub deratories )
srv/ : data for services : is store data for services ( sub deratories )
tmp/ : Temporary filles : is store file run ( sub deratories )
usr/ : multiuser utilities and applications : is a file OS for windows is file folder windows in drive C ( sub deratories )
var/ : variable files : is store error log ( sub deratories )
8/. linux Files Structure :
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